Übergewicht hat viele Ursachen
Wir leben im Land des praktisch unbegrenzten Lebensmittelangebots, und dieses Angebot nutzen wir gerne und reichlich. Die industrialisierte Landwirtschaft, schnelle Transportmittel, verbesserte Kühlmöglichkeiten und verschiedenste Methoden der Haltbarmachung sorgen dafür, dass das Lebensmittelangebot enorm groß und von Jahreszeiten unabhängig ist.
Während der Mensch früher die Fettpolster als Reserve für magere Zeiten benötigte, verhindern heute Kühlschränke und Konservierungsmethoden, dass es überhaupt zu Versorgungsengpässen kommt. Doch unser Stoffwechsel ist immer noch auf effiziente Energiegewinnung aus Lebensmitteln und Fettspeicherung eingestellt. Der Pro-Kopf-Verzehr von Zucker, Fett und Weißmehlprodukten ist in den letzten 50 Jahren rasant gestiegen, der von sättigenden, ballaststoffreichen Vollkornprodukten ist dagegen stark rückläufig. Der Kurator der Gesellschaft für Ernährungsmedizin und Diätetik e.V., Professor Dr. Walter Feldheim, bezeichnete Übergewicht als eine Ballaststoffmangelkrankheit – denn Ballaststoffe sättigen und verhindern so eine Überernährung (siehe Seite 15). Der veränderte Lebensstil der Familien, zu wenig Bewegung im Alltag sowie der verstärkte Freizeitstress führen dazu, dass wir immer mehr Fast-Food, Fertig- und Teilfertigprodukte verzehren. Diese Lebensmittel belasten die Figur mit reichlich Fett und Zucker. Zudem ist Essen ein gefühlsgesteuerter Vorgang. Durch Essen versuchen viele Menschen, andere Bedürfnisse als Hunger zu stillen und benutzen es als Ventil in emotional belastenden Situationen wie Ärger, Traurigkeit, Einsamkeit oder Unsicherheit. Dieses Essen hat mit dem Stillen von Hunger und der notwendigen Versorgung des Organismus mit Energie, Nährstoffen und gesunderhaltenden Vitaminen und Mineralstoffen nichts zu tun.
Auch die Genetik spielt eine Rolle bei der Entstehung von Übergewicht und den damit in Zusammenhang stehenden Krankheiten. Die Tendenz, Übergewicht zu entwickeln, ist nicht bei jedem Menschen gleich. Während bei dem einen Ernährungssünden nicht so schnell „ins Gewicht“ fallen, reagiert ein anderer schon auf einige Bissen zuviel mit einer Gewichtssteigerung. Eines ist aber sicher: Allein vom verführerischen Anblick einer kalorienreichen Speise nimmt man nicht zu! Auch wenn man von seiner Veranlagung für Übergewicht weiß, man darf sie dennoch nicht als unabänderliches Schicksal und als Ausrede ansehen. Sie können trotzdem Ihr Gewicht in den Griff bekommen! Sie müssen jedoch aktiv etwas dagegen tun und gegen die Pfunde ankämpfen.
Mögliche Ursachen für Übergewicht:
· Zu hohe Kalorienaufnahme infolge des reichhaltigen Nahrungsmittelangebots
· Falsche Zusammensetzung der Nahrung:
Zu viel Fettes und Süßes
· Ballaststoffmangel
· Niedriger Grundumsatz: Genetisch oder als Folge von
häufigen, einseitigen Crashdiäten oder Fasten
· Zu geringe körperliche Aktivität
· Nahrungsaufnahme, ohne Hunger zu h aben durch Verlust
des Sättigungsmechanismus, Stress-Essen
· Falsche Ernährungsgewohnheiten
· Nicht ausreichendes oder falsches Ernährungswissen
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